If you read
my last post, you'll see I recently discovered that one of the companies I was betting would survive what some might refer to as "The Valley of Death", seems not to have. This is where a startup's early investor capital is running out and they are just beginning to approach the break even point. Many haven't made it and many will not.
Even if the startup is actually a spinoff or acquisition by a larger corporation, they are responsible for turning a profit and if they don't or if there are product issues or concerns that tarnish a reputation, they are unlikely to make it past the initial dip or even a second, or third round of fund raising without enough momentum to carry them forward.
This is a growth industry and it's projected to be massive. The stakes are high and there will be many new companies, bringing forth amazing products and ideas, but unfortunately many will not be around to support your purchase. So if you're well to do, an early adopter who doesn't care about the risks or you're just interested in funding new companies without any monetary gain, then you may only be interested in discovering who has reliable options. If you instead need to take a conservative approach to this new idea of the smart home, then you will hopefully gain both perspectives here.
Starting out - Watch for warning signs
Your initial investment should be small. Look for a product or family of products that will solve a need or a powerful want. Spend a fair amount of time acquainting yourself with it to ensure you are happy and it meets or exceeds your expectations, but be realistic. Be cautious of products from startups that offer "a total solution" in a single purchase. With advancements and rapid changes in IoT communications and operating layers, the total solution doesn't exist and will not exist until the dust settles and the victorious emerge.
Choose a team, but be willing to welcome free agents

As young as the Smart Home industry is, there are some established brands
and communication protocols that are a pretty safe bet, but you have to make choices and at the moment, you will encounter limitations.
The limitations can come in many forms:
• Communication protocol
• Reliability
• Speed
• Accuracy
• Security

Few offer everything, but do your homework and make sure the last point is well addressed. Even if there might still be potential security flaws (which is a risk factor you must consider), the company should have a documented and firm policy regarding the device security and updates to address any that are discovered.
Apple is one such company and although they don't make any Smart Home devices, any product that is
Apple HomeKit certified should meet that criteria as long as they are operated in the
Apple HomeKit environment. To encourage adoption, most manufacturers products that support
Apple HomeKit certified can also allow use with non-HomeKit compatible devices such as Android smart phones. If you connect your HomeKit certified smart home devices with non-Apple phones, tablets and uncertified hubs, the HomeKit security precautions cannot protect you. You will then become partially responsible for ensuring your device is securely connected to the internet.
If you want to have maximum choice in the smart home of today, you should also expect to have multiple hubs in your house. A hub is typically in the form of a small box and is a device that connects your home network either via ethernet cable or WiFi, to the smart home devices that you want to control.
It is the translator from the internet to the language that your smart home devices speak.
Since there isn't one standard, it's best to keep your options open with at least two hubs and at least two different supported communication protocols among the two hubs. Expect to pay between $50 and $100 for each hub, depending on whether they are on sale or part of a kit that might lower the initial purchase price.
Plan how you will interact with your Smart Home
Look ahead and plan what you might want to do and how you think you might like to use and interact with your new smart home. One of the hottest smart home products this year is the
Amazon Echo. What looks like nothing more than a Bluetooth speaker about the size of a tennis ball can, is in fact an assistant like no other. Echo spends it's days waiting for its wake word "Alexa", and then springs to life with the ability to control the physical world on your command. The Echo is a marvel of natural language research that is sure to impress. This well designed gadget responds very quickly to every voice that's tried it in my home and even to a visitor with a very heavy accent. He was surprised and said that Siri has a lot of trouble with his voice.

Today, Echo is able to natively control lights and outlets on hubs from
Insteon,
Philips Hue,
Samsung SmartThings,
Belkin WeMo and
Wink. More are on the way and it will soon have native control of connected thermostats like those from
Ecobee,
Nest, and
Honeywell. Echo can also control many other devices and perform other tasks via "Skills" which you could equate to apps on a smart phone or tablet. Another game changing connection service called
IFTTT (If This Then That) is also available to Echo users. As you ask "Alexa" to turn OFF or ON lights in your home, tell you the weather, read you the latest news, read a book to you, convert a measurement or tell you the traffic ahead of your commute, to name but a few of it's many uses, you get the real sense that a Star Trek like future we've been waiting for has finally arrived.
If you choose
Apple HomeKit compatible devices, you can control them with Siri on iOS devices, but you'll need your iPhone or iPad near by, and all the devices HomeKit can control must bare the Apple HomeKit compatible label. Amazon Echo on the other hand can control devices and services from a much broader selection, and even some devices that allow both HomeKit and non-HomeKit compatibility.
Amazon Echo pleasantly responds to anyone from across a room, without shouting or having to constantly repeat yourself.
Protocols to consider
Decide what products you want and check their supported protocol before deciding how you will connect them. The current six most popular choices are Bluetooth LE, Lutron ClearConnect, Insteon, WiFi, ZigBee and Z-Wave. Each has strengths and weaknesses. None are dominant or perfect.
Strengths and Weaknesses of each:
• Bluetooth LE - Ubiquitous, secure and low-power consumption, but not yet capable of forming a mesh network, where devices help each other by repeating signals from one device to the next. This significantly limits the possibilities because the transmission range is so short. Few smart home devices exist that can address the current limitation and those that do may not be compatible with the future hubs that will support Bluetooth Mesh Networking. However, Bluetooth in my opinion is the one to watch. We will definitely see the first Bluetooth Mesh smart home products at CES 2017.
• Lutron ClearConnect - Designed for lighting control, Lutron's proprietary protocol is used in the DIY
Caséta product line and is well liked by those who are using it. It also controls Lutron Serena shades and certain Honeywell connected thermostats are compatible. While an Apple HomeKit version of their hub is also available, you must use Lutron switches and dimmers. Wink hubs are compatible with some of the devices, but controlling Serena shades still requires a Lutron hub.
• Insteon - Mature protocol from a stable manufacturer that has a lot of experience with smart home and a large product selection. Most devices use a dual mesh network that utilizes both your home power lines and proprietary radio signals to repeat communications from one device to the next. The proprietary nature means the Insteon hub is restricted to controlling Insteon devices using the Insteon protocol, with the only exception being infrared devices via the Insteon to IR bridge and the just announced IP control of Sonos devices.
• WiFi - Ubiquitous and devices do not require a hub. Problems can arise from signal loss (we've all experienced that with WiFi) as each device must communicate back to the main router because it is not a mesh network. Power consumption is high and this lowers the feasibility of battery operated devices, but new methods of using low power are emerging. Known as 802.11ah or HaLow, it has just been announced and is not yet available. You're also going to need a new WiFi router, so my advice is to buy a hub and enjoy having a smart home today instead of years in the future.
• ZigBee - Supported typically in lighting products such as Philips Hue, GE Link, Cree Connected and others. Uses radio only mesh networking and power consumption is very low, but compatibility from one manufacturer's ZigBee device to the next is hit and miss. Most manufactures test and certify devices for use on specific hubs to avoid support issues and dissatisfied customers.
• Z-Wave - A large catalog of Z-Wave device are available. Power consumption is higher than ZigBee, but much lower than WiFi. Communication is radio only and setup can be challenging. More than one type of Z-Wave exist and this can be frustrating for a smart home owner who just wants things to work. The Wink hub, for example is Z-Wave Plus compliant, but some Z-Wave Plus devices simply will not work with Wink.
Which hub offers what protocol?
Oort: Homegrown Bluetooth Mesh
Zuli Smart Plugs: Bluetooth LE
Cassia Networks (CES 2016): High power Bluetooth LE, up to 1000ft open air, expect less range in the real world where buildings exist
Lutron Caséta Smart Bridge Pro with HomeKit: Lutron ClearConnect
Insteon 2245-222 Hub or Insteon 2243-222 Hub Pro with HomeKit: Insteon
Belkin WeMo,
D-Link, and
iDevices: WiFi (iDevices also uses Bluetooth LE)
Philips Hue 2 with HomeKit: ZigBee
SmartThings v2 and
Wink: Bluetooth LE, WiFi, ZigBee and Z-Wave (Wink also supports 433MHz Lutron and
Kidde for integration with
Kidde Connected Smoke and CO Alarms).
[Intermediate Hubs]
Logitech Harmony Hub: Bluetooth LE, IR and WiFi (ZigBee and Z-Wave via
Harmony Hub Extender)
Amazon Echo : Bluetooth LE and WiFi
Hubs to consider:
I personally use an Insteon and a Wink hub. The Wink was primarily an experiment since it was only $20. Despite all the negative things people have written about this hub, I find that it's really quite stable as long as you keep it at least 3 feet away from your WiFi router. The initial WiFi setup is tricky, but once you understand the timing required, it's pretty simple and it's not something you have to do all the time. My Insteon is also very stable. I'm a big fan of Insteon. Their products are well made, respond very quickly and they're very consistent. Initial setup can be weird and a pain at times, but once you get the hub online, adding products is as simlple as pressing a button. No need to walk around with the hub to set things up.

You may not think of
Logitech Harmony when building a smart home, but this is a very important hub to bridge connections between devices. They support connection and control of Nest, Ecobee, Insteon, Philips Hue,
Hunter Douglas, Samsung SmartThings, Lutron Smart Bridge, Honeywell, Rheem, Lifx Bulbs, and certain WiFi devices like Belkin WeMo and the
August Smart Lock Connect bridge. In addition, they also offer ZigBee and Z-Wave compatibility by attaching a
Harmony Hub Extender.
IFTTT scripts can also be used to activate Harmony Hub Activities. They allow time-based activation, scheduling and grouping to create "Activities" that are similar to scenes used by other hubs. The ability to tie your AV control together with other home automation products is especially impressive when you control it all by voice. In my setup, the
Amazon Echo handles this task.

If you're into tinkering and custom scripts, the
Samsung SmartThings hub is well liked and has a large user base. The latest version has local control, so even if internet access goes down, you can still control your devices. A recent announcement from Wink stated their hubs are slated to also get local control in the next update. All the other devices I've mentioned with the exception of Bluetooth, need internet connection for a user to control devices from an app, but local control at the light switches works even if the hub is unplugged. In other words, they survive the "babysitter test" since they are familiar looking wall switches and anyone can operate them without any training or prior experience. The Insteon and Wink hubs will also continue to control device timers even when the internet is offline.
What about home security?
Of course I didn't forget. It's the most popular use case for the internet of things. I'll go into more detail in a later post, but I would advise that you strongly consider a connected stand-alone security system, the one exception is
SmartThings which gets very high ratings as a connected alarm. Personally I feel the system that will protect you, your family and your valuables should do just one thing and do it well. Leave the lighting control, leak detectors and other inputs to the smart home hubs to handle. There are several good choices out there like
iSmart Alarm,
Scout, and
Oomi. All are connected, all are relatively new to the scene.
How about connected smoke alarms?
Hands down it's the
Nest Protect v2. No other manufacturer offers as many features in a single smoke/CO alarm. Don't wait, just go buy one today, your lives are worth it. To keep cost low for the rest of the house where you just need a regular smoke alarm, you can receive notifications via
any phone with the
Leeo Smart Alert Nightlight. What I like about this more than most other options is the fact that it will phone any regular number. No smartphone required to be notified of a smoke or CO emergency in your home.
Want more? There's tons more, but for now these are the basics to help point you in the right direction and clear up some of the confusion. Keep checking back. I'll be telling you about connected security alarms in more detail, Wink's revival and return from the brink,
Amazon Echo in detail, connected multi-use Bluetooth LE buttons and more.
As always, you can find me on Twitter
@dougkrug posting about the latest news in IoT and smart home innovations.